The Processional Cross from Maqdala

 

This 15th-century Ethiopian processional cross, made of copper alloy, features intricate designs, including interlaced patterns, serpentine motifs, and Ge'ez inscriptions. The cross is 47 cm long, 35 cm wide, and 3 cm deep.

Historical Significance

The cross was part of the treasures taken from Emperor Tewodros II's fortress at Maqdala during the British Expedition in 1867-1868. Emperor Tewodros aimed to unify Ethiopia and collected many religious artifacts.

British Expedition

During the Abyssinian Campaign, British and Indian troops looted Maqdala, and many items were sold at an auction. Richard Rivington Holmes, an archaeologist with the British Museum, acquired this cross along with other artifacts.

Inscriptions

The Ge'ez inscriptions dedicate the cross to the church of Takla Haymanot and mention its donation by Asada Maryam.

This cross is a glimpse into Ethiopia's rich cultural and religious heritage, reflecting the artistry and history of the time.

The cross, a symbol of Ethiopia's heritage, was taken during the British Expedition. Many Ethiopians, myself included, view it as stolen. What are your thoughts on its ownership and repatriation? 

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Sources and References:

- British Museum Central Archive, Original Papers Volume 94, April to July 1868

- British Museum: List of articles purchased for the British Museum at the sale of the plunder of Maqdala, 20-21 April 1868

- "The Abyssinian Campaign 1867-1868" - Historical context and significance.